ABS – Anti Lock Breaking System

Safety is the word or the assurance that everyone wants to be with or have with. It will become more important when it relates to us or family or friends. Safety and driving or safe driving those words we always need to keep in our mind when we are on the driving seat. Driving a car or bike is a fun and its become more excited and thrilling when it is on highway, in parallel it will be dangerous if immediately we needs to stop the car due to some unavoidable scenario. The situation gets tricky if it is monsoon.

ABS or anti-lock braking system is a safety anti-skid braking system used on vehicles, such as cars, motorcycles, trucks and buses. ABS operates by preventing the wheels from locking up during braking, thereby maintaining tractive contact with the road surface. Traction, or tractive force, is the force used to generate motion between a body and a tangential surface, through the use of dry friction, though the use of shear force of the surface is also commonly used.

ABS and its importance

ABS or Anti-lock braking system is a safety principle operates in automobiles. It is an automated system based on threshold breaking and cadence breaking. In simple word this process keeps wheels from locking up and helps the drivers to control the car. It also helps to maintain tractive force between wheels and road, so that they do not get any uncontrolled skid.

ABS offers improved vehicle control and decreases stopping distances on dry and slippery surfaces. So ABS is there in your car means you have more control on your car during situations such as sudden braking. it is designed to help the driver maintain some steering ability and avoid skidding while braking.

[Threshold braking is a driving technique most commonly used in motor racing, but also practiced in road vehicles to slow a vehicle at the maximum rate using the brakes. The technique involves the driver controlling the brake pedal pressure to maximize the braking force developed by the tires. The optimal amount of braking force is developed at the point when the wheel just begins to slip.

Cadence braking is a driving technique that involves pumping the brake pedal and is used to allow a car to both steer and brake on a slippery surface.]

History of ABS

In 1971, electronically controlled anti-skid brakes on Toyota Crown.

In 1971, First truck application: "Antislittamento" system developed by Fiat Veicoli Industriali and installed on Fiat truck model 691N1.

In 1972, four wheel drive Triumph 2500 Estates were fitted with Mullard electronic systems as standard.

In 1976, WABCO began the development of anti-locking braking system on commercial vehicles to prevent locking on slippery roads.

In 1978, Mercedes-Benz W116 became the first production car to use an electronic four-wheel multi-channel anti-lock braking system (ABS) from Bosch as an option from 1978 on.

In 1982, Honda introduced electronically controlled multi-channel ALB (Anti Locking Brakes) as an option for the second generation of Prelude, launched worldwide in 1982.

In 1985 the Ford Scorpio was introduced to European market with a Teves electronic system throughout the range as standard.

Since 1987 ABS has been standard equipment on all Mercedes Benz automobiles.

In 1988, BMW introduced the first motorcycle with an electronic-hydraulic ABS, BMW K100.

In 1991 Yamaha introduced the FJ1200 model with optional ABS.

In 1992 Honda introduced first motorcycle ABS on the ST1100 Pan European.

In 2007, Suzuki launched its GSF1200SA (Bandit) with an ABS.

In 2005, Harley-Davidson began offering an ABS option on police bikes.

ABS and Its components

ABS has four major components

Speed Sensor

Speed sensor is used to detect the acceleration and deceleration moment so as to adjust the pressure according to it. It uses a coil of wire and a magnet. A magnetic field is made by the rotation of wheel and a voltage is generated in sensor due to magnetic field fluctuation. These signals are interpreted by ABS for knowing whether acceleration or deceleration occurs.

Valves

There is a valve in the brake line of each brake controlled by the ABS. On some systems, 

the valve has three positions:

In position one, the valve is open; pressure from the master cylinder is passed right through to the brake.

In position two, the valve blocks the line, isolating that brake from the master cylinder. This prevents the pressure from rising further should the driver push the brake pedal harder.

In position three, the valve releases some of the pressure from the brake.

Pump

When valves are open, pump will restore the pressure of hydraulic brakes. As when a wheel slip is detected a controller signal will open the valve and as valves open pressure will be restored by pumps.

Controller

The controller is an ECU type unit in the car which receives information from each individual wheel speed sensor. If a wheel loses traction, the signal is sent to the controller. The controller will then limit the brake force (EBD) and activate the ABS modulator which actuates the braking valves on and off.

Basic Principle of ABS

While braking, if a wheel-locking situation is detected or anticipated, the ECU alerts the HCU by sending a current and commands it to release the brake pressure, allowing the wheel velocity to increase and the wheel slip to decrease. When the wheel velocity increases, the ECU reapplies the brake pressure and restricts the wheel slip to a certain degree. The Hydraulic Control Unit controls the brake pressure in each wheel cylinder based on the inputs from the system sensor. As a result, this controls the wheel speed. This process is repeated for the next braking operation.

  

Types of ABS 

1. Four-channel, four-sensor ABS
2. Three-channel, four-sensor ABS
3. Three-channel, three-sensor ABS
4. Two-channel, four sensor ABS
5. One-channel, one-sensor ABS

Here comes the list of Motorbikes with ABS and prize

Under 1 lakh
Suzuki Gixxer SF ABS
TVS Apache RTR 180
Honda CB Hornet 160R
Hero Xtreme 200R

Under 1.5 lakh
Bajaj Pulsar RS200
TVS Apache RTR 200
Suzuki Intruder 150

Under 2 lakh
Bajaj Dominar 400
Honda CBR250R

Under 2.5 lakh
KTM 390 Duke
TVS Apache RR 310

Here comes the Cars with ABS and prize

Around 6 lakh
Maruti Suzuki Swift
Honda Amaze
Tata Tiago
Maruti Suzuki Wagon R
Mahindra KUV100 NXT
Maruti Suzuki Celerio
Fiat Punto EVO Pure
Fiat Punto Pure
Hyundai Grand i10

Around 8 Lakh
Maruti Suzuki Dzire
Maruti Suzuki Baleno
Hyundai Elite i20
Maruti Suzuki Ignis

Around 10 Lakh
Maruti Suzuki Vitara Brezza
Hyundai Creta
Maruti Suzuki Ertiga